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OALib Journal期刊

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Degradation of Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) by thermophilic Streptomyces thermoviolaceus subsp. thermoviolaceus 76T-2
Te-Kuan Chua, Min Tseng and Mei-Kwei Yang
AMB Express , 2013, DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-3-8
Abstract: A thermophilic Streptomyces thermoviolaceus subsp. thermoviolaceus isolate 76T-2 that can degrade poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL) was isolated from soil in Taiwan. Isolate 76T-2 grew well in urea fructose oatmeal medium and exhibited clear zones on agar plates containing PCL, indicating the presence of extracellular PCL depolymerases. The PCL powder present in culture medium was completely degraded within 6 h of culture at 45?C. Two PCL-degrading enzymes were purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant. The molecular weights of these two enzymes were estimated to be 25 kDa and 55 kDa, respectively. A portion of the N-terminal region of the 25-kDa protein was determined, and the sequence Ala-Asn-Phe-Val-Val-Ser-Glu-Ala thus obtained was identical to that of A64-A71 of the Chi25 chitinase of Streptomyces thermoviolaceus OPC-520. The 25-kDa protein was shown to also degrade chitin, suggesting that isolate 76T-2 has the ability to degrade both PCL and chitin.
Effects of a Behavioral Program on Exercise Adherence and Exercise Self-Efficacy in Community-Dwelling Older Persons
Azliyana Azizan,Maria Justine,Chua Siew Kuan
Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research , 2013, DOI: 10.1155/2013/282315
Abstract: Background. This study determines the effects of a behavioral program on exercise adherence (step counts) and level of exercise self-efficacy (ESE) in community-dwelling older persons. Methods. Sixty-three participants (age = years) were enrolled in this controlled quasi-experimental study. They were divided into 3 groups: (1) EBG performed a 6-week exercise intervention followed by a 5-week behavioral program, (2) EG performed exercise intervention similar to EBG, and (3) control group (CG) did not receive any interventions. Step counts were measured based on the scores recorded by a pedometer while ESE was measured by a self-reported ESE scale. Results. Data analysis showed significant differences due to time effect ( , , and ); time and group interactions ( , , and ); and between-group effect ( , , and ) for step counts. As for ESE, significant differences were also found for time effect ( , , and ); time and group interactions ( , , and ); and between-group effect ( , , and ). EBG presented with significantly higher mean changes for both step counts and ESE compared to other groups (all ). Conclusion. This study suggests that the addition of a behavioral program is superior as compared to exercising alone on increasing exercise adherence and level of self-efficacy in older persons. 1. Introduction Purposeful exercise and increased participation in physical activity are among the most important components of lifestyle, especially for older persons [1]. Participation in these activities is considered an important behavior that may yield benefits especially on maintaining the physical and psychological well-being [2–5]. A published review on physical activity and aging highlighted that older persons who actively participated in a long term exercise program appear to have a good quality of life [6]. Regrettably, majority of old people around the world lead a sedentary lifestyle with very little knowledge regarding the importance of physical activity. As highlighted by Irvine et al. [7], almost 39% older persons do not meet recommended physical activity guidelines and 33% also reported no leisure-time physical activity. This meant that a portion of older people did not meet the recommended exercise program suggested by the American College of Sports Medicine [8]. An exercise program for older persons must include a multicomponent training, namely, endurance, flexibility, strengthening, and balance [8]. Older persons are encouraged to perform moderate intensity exercise 5 days per week with a minimum of 30 minutes per session. This recommendation aims to
Venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide differences and the microcirculation in sepsis
Mui Teng Chua,Win Sen Kuan
- , 2016, DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.12.55
Abstract: Assessment of the microcirculation has been of particular interest in the management of septic shock for over a decade (1,2). It has garnered more attention in light of conflicting data recently on oxygen-derived parameters in patients with sepsis (3). Microcirculatory dysfunction has been linked to organ failure despite adequate macro-hemodynamic stability (4).The microcirculatory perfusion is regulated by the myogenic, metabolic and neurohumoral systems, which in turn affect the arteriolar tone, driving pressure, capillary patency and hemorheology (4). In septic states, perfusion pressure and deformability of cells are reduced, and arteriolar constriction ensues; the end-result is shunting of blood, bypassing essential areas of capillary exchange (5). These changes debilitate the microcirculation and impede tissue oxygenation, resulting in impaired organ functions. Moreover, with stasis in the capillary bed and inflammatory factors released from injured cells that cannot be cleared due to deficient flow, the microcirculation becomes a nidus for continued bacterial growth and persistent insult, sustaining the toxemia and acidemia
Muscle Strength, Lumbar Curve, Fear of Movement and Functional Disability among Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Review  [PDF]
G. M. Jakaria, Chua Siew Kuan
Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation (OJTR) , 2024, DOI: 10.4236/ojtr.2024.121004
Abstract: Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. Lumbar curvature may lead to the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration. Fear of movement may worsen their disc herniation and cause further pain and injury. LDH conditions impact the individuals’ quality of life, to explore the relationship between lumbar curve, muscle strength, fear of movement and functional disability among patients with LDH. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Springerlink, Google Scholar and a hand search from reference lists was reviewed. Publications were included in human studies, patients 25 - 85 years of age, original studies and
Mechanism of inhibitory effect of atorvastatin on resistin expression induced by tumor necrosis factor-α in macrophages
Kou-Gi Shyu, Su-Kiat Chua, Bao-Wai Wang, Peiliang Kuan
Journal of Biomedical Science , 2009, DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-50
Abstract: Resistin is an adipocyte-secreted molecule induced during adipocyte differentiation. Recombinant resistin up-regulates cytokines and adhesion molecule expression on human endothelial cells [1,2], suggesting a potential role in atherosclerosis. Resistin has been shown to have potent proinflammatory properties [3]. Resistin promotes endothelial cell activation and causes endothelial dysfunction of porcine coronary arteries [4]. Recently, resistin was found to have a potential role in atherosclerosis because resistin increases MCP-1 and sVCAM-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells and resistin promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation [5,6]. More recently, resistin was found to be secreted from macrophages in atheromas and promotes atherosclerosis [7]. Plasma resistin levels are correlated with markers of inflammation and are predictive of coronary atherosclerosis in humans, independent of plasma C – reactive protein. Resistin may represent a novel link between metabolic signals, inflammation, and atherosclerosis [8].The 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) inhibitors or statins have been proved to reduce inflammation and exert beneficial effects in the prevention of atherosclerosis progression [9]. The pleiotropic effect of statins, independent of their lipid-lowering effects have been described to improve endothelial function, stabilize atheroslerotic plaque, inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as well as platelet aggregation, and reduce vascular inflammation [9]. Ichida et al reported that atorvastatin decreases resistin expression in adipocytes and monocytes/macrophages [10]. Atorvastatin decreased resistin mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, the mechanism of reducing resistin expression by atorvastatin is not known. Therefore, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms of atorvastatin for reducing resistin expression after proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α stimulation in macrophage
River catchment rainfall series analysis using additive Holta？？Winters method
Kuan Chin Chua,Teang Shui Lee,Yan Jun Puah,Yuk Feng Huang
- , 2016,
Abstract:
Survivin promoter rs9904341 polymorphism is associated with tumor stage and grade in patients with bladder cancer  [PDF]
Zhon-Min Huang, Yi-Te Chiang, Min-Che Tung, Chia-Chang Wu, Kuan-Chou Chen, Ming-Te Huang, Yuan-Hung Wang, Cheng-Huang Shen
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology (ABB) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.41001
Abstract: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein and also plays a important role in the development of several malignancies. To investigate the association between survivin promoter –31 G/C (rs9904341) polymorphism and bladder cancer (BC) risk. A total of 200 pathologically confirmed BC cases and 200 unrelated cancer-free controls were recruited in Chiayi Christian Hospital from August 2002 to May 2009. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to determine the –31 G/C polymorphism at survivin promoter region. There was a significant difference in the frequency distribution of survivin promoter –31 G/C polymorphism in BC cases as compared to controls. Among BC cases, individuals with the C/C genotype of survivin promoter have a significantly higher prevalence of invasive (T2-T4) or high-grade (G2-G3) tumors as compared to those who carried the G/G genotype. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the survivin promoter –31 G/C polymorphism was not only associated with clinical stage and pathological grade but also involved in the development of bladder cancer.
Fabrication Quality Analysis of a Fiber Optic Refractive Index Sensor Created by CO2 Laser Machining
Chien-Hsing Chen,Bo-Kuan Yeh,Jaw-Luen Tang,Wei-Te Wu
Sensors , 2013, DOI: 10.3390/s130404067
Abstract: This study investigates the CO 2 laser-stripped partial cladding of silica-based optic fibers with a core diameter of 400 μm, which enables them to sense the refractive index of the surrounding environment. However, inappropriate treatments during the machining process can generate a number of defects in the optic fiber sensors. Therefore, the quality of optic fiber sensors fabricated using CO 2 laser machining must be analyzed. The results show that analysis of the fiber core size after machining can provide preliminary defect detection, and qualitative analysis of the optical transmission defects can be used to identify imperfections that are difficult to observe through size analysis. To more precisely and quantitatively detect fabrication defects, we included a tensile test and numerical aperture measurements in this study. After a series of quality inspections, we proposed improvements to the existing CO 2 laser machining parameters, namely, a vertical scanning pathway, 4 W of power, and a feed rate of 9.45 cm/s. Using these improved parameters, we created optical fiber sensors with a core diameter of approximately 400 μm, no obvious optical transmission defects, a numerical aperture of 0.52 ± 0.019, a 0.886 Weibull modulus, and a 1.186 Weibull-shaped parameter. Finally, we used the optical fiber sensor fabricated using the improved parameters to measure the refractive indices of various solutions. The results show that a refractive-index resolution of 1.8 × 10 ？4 RIU (linear fitting R 2 = 0.954) was achieved for sucrose solutions with refractive indices ranging between 1.333 and 1.383. We also adopted the particle plasmon resonance sensing scheme using the fabricated optical fibers. The results provided additional information, specifically, a superior sensor resolution of 5.73 × 10 ？5 RIU, and greater linearity at R 2 = 0.999.
Comparative Study of Laparoscopic and Open Adrenalectomy
Chun-Te Wu,Yang-Jen Chiang,Chien-Chung Chou,Kuan-Lin Liu
Chang Gung Medical Journal , 2006,
Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) had become the preferred operation formanagement of adrenal neoplasm. We conducted this cohort study to evaluatethe outcome of laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy (OA).Methods: A total of 67 patients with complete medical records were included in thisstudy. Thirty patients underwent OA and the other 37 patients received LA.The intraoperative and perioperative data analyses focused on surgery time,blood loss, pain scale rating, resumption of oral feeding, hospital stay, complicationsand convalescence.Results: LA was completed in all 37 patients without conversion to OA or mortality.The surgery times (203.4 vs. 192.9, p = 0.776) were similar for both OA andLA groups. There was less blood loss in the LA group (355.0 vs. 104.0, p =0.021). The postoperative pain scale rating was lower in the LA group (5.6vs. 4.5 p = 0.035) as was analgesia demand (57.4 vs. 3.7, p < 0.001). Oralfeeding resumed earlier in the LA group (91.7 vs. 16.4, p < 0.001) and thesepatients had a shorter postoperative hospital stay (8.4 vs. 3.9, p < 0.001). Thecomplication rate in both groups was similar. In the LA group, patients withprimary aldosteronism had shorter surgery times and less blood loss thanpatients with other tumor types (p < 0.05).Conclusions: LA results in good surgical outcome without increased risks. We suggest thatLA should be the preferred choice for management of adrenal neoplasms.We also suggest that surgeons inexperienced in LA consider beginning witha case of primary hyperaldosteronism.
Geometric parameter identification of a dual
Kuan-Lin Li,Kuei-Yuan Chan,Pei-Chun Lin,Wu-Te Yang
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/0954406217701772
Abstract: The positioning accuracy of the empirical robot manipulators is determined by various factors, such as kinematic accuracy, structure rigidity, and controller performance. Here, we report on the development of a new and straightforward technique to calibrate the kinematic parameters of a dual-arm robot under uncertainty. In comparison with other techniques, which generally rely on using other instruments to calibrate the manipulators, the proposed method utilizes the intrinsic characteristics of the dual-arm robot for calibration. In particular, when the two arms grasp each other, a formed closed chain can be operated as the constraint equation for the kinematic parameter optimization of the two arms. In the optimization process, the dual-arm robot has to pose in various configurations to yield better performance, and thus a motion generation strategy of the dual-arm robot is proposed, where one arm serves as the master to track the designated trajectory and the other arm serves as the slave to track the motion of the master arm by using a compliance control strategy. The proposed calibration method was experimentally validated, and the results confirm that the positioning accuracy of both arms can be improved
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